mirror of
https://github.com/ruanyf/es6tutorial.git
synced 2025-05-24 18:32:22 +00:00
edit class/decorator
This commit is contained in:
parent
2589347bfb
commit
004ad1717f
170
docs/class.md
170
docs/class.md
@ -823,7 +823,11 @@ var y = new Rectangle(3, 4); // 正确
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
## 修饰器
|
## 修饰器
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
修饰器(Decorator)用于修改类的行为。这是ES7的一个[提案](https://github.com/wycats/javascript-decorators),目前Babel转码器已经支持。
|
### 类的修饰
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
修饰器(Decorator)是一个表达式,用来修改类的行为。这是ES7的一个[提案](https://github.com/wycats/javascript-decorators),目前Babel转码器已经支持。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
修饰器对类的行为的改变,是代码编译时发生的,而不是在运行时。这意味着,修饰器能在编译阶段运行代码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```javascript
|
```javascript
|
||||||
function testable(target) {
|
function testable(target) {
|
||||||
@ -838,7 +842,7 @@ console.log(MyTestableClass.isTestable) // true
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
上面代码中,`@testable`就是一个修饰器。它修改了MyTestableClass这个类的行为,为它加上了静态属性isTestable。
|
上面代码中,`@testable`就是一个修饰器。它修改了MyTestableClass这个类的行为,为它加上了静态属性isTestable。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
修饰器函数的参数,就是所要修饰的目标对象。比如上面代码中,testable函数的参数target,就是所要修饰的对象。如果希望修饰器的行为,能够根据目标对象的不同而不同,就要在外面再封装一层函数。
|
修饰器函数可以接受三个参数,依次是目标函数、属性名和该属性的描述对象。后两个参数可省略。上面代码中,testable函数的参数target,就是所要修饰的对象。如果希望修饰器的行为,能够根据目标对象的不同而不同,就要在外面再封装一层函数。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```javascript
|
```javascript
|
||||||
function testable(isTestable) {
|
function testable(isTestable) {
|
||||||
@ -887,7 +891,7 @@ export function mixins(...list) {
|
|||||||
import { mixins } from './mixins'
|
import { mixins } from './mixins'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
const Foo = {
|
const Foo = {
|
||||||
foo() { console.log('foo') }
|
foo() { console.log('foo') }
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@mixins(Foo)
|
@mixins(Foo)
|
||||||
@ -915,6 +919,8 @@ let obj = new MyClass();
|
|||||||
obj.foo() // 'foo'
|
obj.foo() // 'foo'
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 方法的修饰
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
修饰器不仅可以修饰类,还可以修饰类的属性。
|
修饰器不仅可以修饰类,还可以修饰类的属性。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```javascript
|
```javascript
|
||||||
@ -960,3 +966,161 @@ function nonenumerable(target, name, descriptor) {
|
|||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
修饰器有注释的作用。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```javascript
|
||||||
|
@testable
|
||||||
|
class Person {
|
||||||
|
@readonly
|
||||||
|
@nonenumerable
|
||||||
|
name() { return `${this.first} ${this.last}` }
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
从上面代码中,我们一眼就能看出,MyTestableClass类是可测试的,而name方法是只读和不可枚举的。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
除了注释,修饰器还能用来类型检查。所以,对于Class来说,这项功能相当有用。从长期来看,它将是JavaScript代码静态分析的重要工具。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### core-decorators.js
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[core-decorators.js](https://github.com/jayphelps/core-decorators.js)提供了几个常见的修饰器。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
(1)@autobind
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
autobind修饰器使得方法中的this对象,绑定原始对象。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```javascript
|
||||||
|
import { autobind } from 'core-decorators';
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
class Person {
|
||||||
|
@autobind
|
||||||
|
getPerson() {
|
||||||
|
return this;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
let person = new Person();
|
||||||
|
let getPerson = person.getPerson;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
getPerson() === person;
|
||||||
|
// true
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
(2)@readonly
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
readonly修饰器是的属性或方法不可写。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```javascript
|
||||||
|
import { readonly } from 'core-decorators';
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
class Meal {
|
||||||
|
@readonly
|
||||||
|
entree = 'steak';
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
var dinner = new Meal();
|
||||||
|
dinner.entree = 'salmon';
|
||||||
|
// Cannot assign to read only property 'entree' of [object Object]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
(3)@override
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
override修饰器检查子类的方法,是否正确覆盖了父类的同名方法,如果不正确会报错。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```javascript
|
||||||
|
import { override } from 'core-decorators';
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
class Parent {
|
||||||
|
speak(first, second) {}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
class Child extends Parent {
|
||||||
|
@override
|
||||||
|
speak() {}
|
||||||
|
// SyntaxError: Child#speak() does not properly override Parent#speak(first, second)
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// or
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
class Child extends Parent {
|
||||||
|
@override
|
||||||
|
speaks() {}
|
||||||
|
// SyntaxError: No descriptor matching Child#speaks() was found on the prototype chain.
|
||||||
|
//
|
||||||
|
// Did you mean "speak"?
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
(4)@deprecate (别名@deprecated)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
deprecate或deprecated修饰器在控制台显示一条警告,表示该方法将废除。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```javascript
|
||||||
|
import { deprecate } from 'core-decorators';
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
class Person {
|
||||||
|
@deprecate
|
||||||
|
facepalm() {}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@deprecate('We stopped facepalming')
|
||||||
|
facepalmHard() {}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@deprecate('We stopped facepalming', { url: 'http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/facepalm' })
|
||||||
|
facepalmHarder() {}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
let person = new Person();
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
person.facepalm();
|
||||||
|
// DEPRECATION Person#facepalm: This function will be removed in future versions.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
person.facepalmHard();
|
||||||
|
// DEPRECATION Person#facepalmHard: We stopped facepalming
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
person.facepalmHarder();
|
||||||
|
// DEPRECATION Person#facepalmHarder: We stopped facepalming
|
||||||
|
//
|
||||||
|
// See http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/facepalm for more details.
|
||||||
|
//
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
(5)@suppressWarnings
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
suppressWarnings修饰器抑制decorated修饰器导致的`console.warn()`调用。但是,异步代码出发的调用除外。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```javascript
|
||||||
|
import { suppressWarnings } from 'core-decorators';
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
class Person {
|
||||||
|
@deprecated
|
||||||
|
facepalm() {}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@suppressWarnings
|
||||||
|
facepalmWithoutWarning() {
|
||||||
|
this.facepalm();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
let person = new Person();
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
person.facepalmWithoutWarning();
|
||||||
|
// no warning is logged
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Babel转码器的支持
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
目前,Babel转码器已经支持Decorator,命令行的用法如下。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
$ babel --optional es7.decorators
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
脚本中打开的命令如下。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```javascript
|
||||||
|
babel.transfrom("code", {optional: ["es7.decorators"]})
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Babel的官方网站提供一个[在线转码器](https://babeljs.io/repl/),只要勾选Experimental,就能支持Decorator的在线转码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -119,6 +119,7 @@
|
|||||||
- Axel Rauschmayer, [ECMAScript 6: new OOP features besides classes](http://www.2ality.com/2014/12/es6-oop.html)
|
- Axel Rauschmayer, [ECMAScript 6: new OOP features besides classes](http://www.2ality.com/2014/12/es6-oop.html)
|
||||||
- Axel Rauschmayer, [Classes in ECMAScript 6 (final semantics)](http://www.2ality.com/2015/02/es6-classes-final.html): Class语法的详细介绍和设计思想分析
|
- Axel Rauschmayer, [Classes in ECMAScript 6 (final semantics)](http://www.2ality.com/2015/02/es6-classes-final.html): Class语法的详细介绍和设计思想分析
|
||||||
- Maximiliano Fierro, [Declarative vs Imperative](http://elmasse.github.io/js/decorators-bindings-es7.html): Decorators介绍
|
- Maximiliano Fierro, [Declarative vs Imperative](http://elmasse.github.io/js/decorators-bindings-es7.html): Decorators介绍
|
||||||
|
- Addy Osmani, [Exploring ES2016 Decorators](https://medium.com/google-developers/exploring-es7-decorators-76ecb65fb841): Decorator的深入介绍
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## 工具
|
## 工具
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Loading…
x
Reference in New Issue
Block a user