1
0
mirror of https://github.com/ruanyf/es6tutorial.git synced 2025-05-24 18:32:22 +00:00

Merge pull request #540 from waitingsong/promise

Promise
This commit is contained in:
Ruan YiFeng 2017-11-09 08:56:00 +08:00 committed by GitHub
commit 5adf73bbcf
No known key found for this signature in database
GPG Key ID: 4AEE18F83AFDEB23

View File

@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ ES6 规定,`Promise`对象是一个构造函数,用来生成`Promise`实例
下面代码创造了一个`Promise`实例。
```javascript
var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
const promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
// ... some code
if (/* 异步操作成功 */){
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ console.log('Hi!');
```javascript
function loadImageAsync(url) {
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
var image = new Image();
const image = new Image();
image.onload = function() {
resolve(image);
@ -116,16 +116,9 @@ function loadImageAsync(url) {
下面是一个用`Promise`对象实现的 Ajax 操作的例子。
```javascript
var getJSON = function(url) {
var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
var client = new XMLHttpRequest();
client.open("GET", url);
client.onreadystatechange = handler;
client.responseType = "json";
client.setRequestHeader("Accept", "application/json");
client.send();
function handler() {
const getJSON = function(url) {
const promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
const handler = function() {
if (this.readyState !== 4) {
return;
}
@ -135,6 +128,13 @@ var getJSON = function(url) {
reject(new Error(this.statusText));
}
};
const client = new XMLHttpRequest();
client.open("GET", url);
client.onreadystatechange = handler;
client.responseType = "json";
client.setRequestHeader("Accept", "application/json");
client.send();
});
return promise;
@ -152,11 +152,11 @@ getJSON("/posts.json").then(function(json) {
如果调用`resolve`函数和`reject`函数时带有参数,那么它们的参数会被传递给回调函数。`reject`函数的参数通常是`Error`对象的实例,表示抛出的错误;`resolve`函数的参数除了正常的值以外,还可能是另一个 Promise 实例,比如像下面这样。
```javascript
var p1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
const p1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// ...
});
var p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
const p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// ...
resolve(p1);
})
@ -167,11 +167,11 @@ var p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
注意,这时`p1`的状态就会传递给`p2`,也就是说,`p1`的状态决定了`p2`的状态。如果`p1`的状态是`pending`,那么`p2`的回调函数就会等待`p1`的状态改变;如果`p1`的状态已经是`resolved`或者`rejected`,那么`p2`的回调函数将会立刻执行。
```javascript
var p1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
const p1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
setTimeout(() => reject(new Error('fail')), 3000)
})
var p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
const p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
setTimeout(() => resolve(p1), 1000)
})
@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ p.then((val) => console.log('fulfilled:', val))
下面是一个例子。
```javascript
var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
const promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
throw new Error('test');
});
promise.catch(function(error) {
@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ promise.catch(function(error) {
```javascript
// 写法一
var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
const promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
try {
throw new Error('test');
} catch(e) {
@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ promise.catch(function(error) {
});
// 写法二
var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
const promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
reject(new Error('test'));
});
promise.catch(function(error) {
@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ promise.catch(function(error) {
如果Promise状态已经变成`resolved`,再抛出错误是无效的。
```javascript
var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
const promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
resolve('ok');
throw new Error('test');
});
@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ process.on('unhandledRejection', function (err, p) {
再看下面的例子。
```javascript
var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
const promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
resolve('ok');
setTimeout(function () { throw new Error('test') }, 0)
});
@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ promise.then(function (value) { console.log(value) });
一般总是建议Promise 对象后面要跟`catch`方法,这样可以处理 Promise 内部发生的错误。`catch`方法返回的还是一个 Promise 对象,因此后面还可以接着调用`then`方法。
```javascript
var someAsyncThing = function() {
const someAsyncThing = function() {
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
// 下面一行会报错因为x没有声明
resolve(x + 2);
@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ Promise.resolve()
`catch`方法之中,还能再抛出错误。
```javascript
var someAsyncThing = function() {
const someAsyncThing = function() {
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
// 下面一行会报错因为x没有声明
resolve(x + 2);
@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ someAsyncThing().then(function() {
`Promise.all`方法用于将多个 Promise 实例,包装成一个新的 Promise 实例。
```javascript
var p = Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]);
const p = Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]);
```
上面代码中,`Promise.all`方法接受一个数组作为参数,`p1``p2``p3`都是 Promise 实例,如果不是,就会先调用下面讲到的`Promise.resolve`方法,将参数转为 Promise 实例,再进一步处理。(`Promise.all`方法的参数可以不是数组,但必须具有 Iterator 接口,且返回的每个成员都是 Promise 实例。)
@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ var p = Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]);
```javascript
// 生成一个Promise对象的数组
var promises = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13].map(function (id) {
const promises = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13].map(function (id) {
return getJSON('/post/' + id + ".json");
});
@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ Promise.all([p1, p2])
`Promise.race`方法同样是将多个Promise实例包装成一个新的Promise实例。
```javascript
var p = Promise.race([p1, p2, p3]);
const p = Promise.race([p1, p2, p3]);
```
上面代码中,只要`p1``p2``p3`之中有一个实例率先改变状态,`p`的状态就跟着改变。那个率先改变的 Promise 实例的返回值,就传递给`p`的回调函数。
@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ p.catch(error => console.log(error));
有时需要将现有对象转为Promise对象`Promise.resolve`方法就起到这个作用。
```javascript
var jsPromise = Promise.resolve($.ajax('/whatever.json'));
const jsPromise = Promise.resolve($.ajax('/whatever.json'));
```
上面代码将jQuery生成的`deferred`对象转为一个新的Promise对象。
@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ p1.then(function(value) {
如果参数是一个原始值,或者是一个不具有`then`方法的对象,则`Promise.resolve`方法返回一个新的Promise对象状态为`resolved`
```javascript
var p = Promise.resolve('Hello');
const p = Promise.resolve('Hello');
p.then(function (s){
console.log(s)
@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ p.then(function (s){
所以如果希望得到一个Promise对象比较方便的方法就是直接调用`Promise.resolve`方法。
```javascript
var p = Promise.resolve();
const p = Promise.resolve();
p.then(function () {
// ...
@ -717,9 +717,9 @@ console.log('one');
`Promise.reject(reason)`方法也会返回一个新的 Promise 实例,该实例的状态为`rejected`
```javascript
var p = Promise.reject('出错了');
const p = Promise.reject('出错了');
// 等同于
var p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => reject('出错了'))
const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => reject('出错了'))
p.then(null, function (s) {
console.log(s)
@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ Promise.prototype.finally = function (callback) {
```javascript
const preloadImage = function (path) {
return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
var image = new Image();
const image = new Image();
image.onload = resolve;
image.onerror = reject;
image.src = path;
@ -833,9 +833,9 @@ function getFoo () {
});
}
var g = function* () {
const g = function* () {
try {
var foo = yield getFoo();
const foo = yield getFoo();
console.log(foo);
} catch (e) {
console.log(e);
@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ var g = function* () {
};
function run (generator) {
var it = generator();
const it = generator();
function go(result) {
if (result.done) return result.value;