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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ ES6 规定,`Promise`对象是一个构造函数,用来生成`Promise`实例
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下面代码创造了一个`Promise`实例。
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```javascript
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var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
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const promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
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// ... some code
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if (/* 异步操作成功 */){
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@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ console.log('Hi!');
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```javascript
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function loadImageAsync(url) {
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return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
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var image = new Image();
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const image = new Image();
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image.onload = function() {
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resolve(image);
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@ -116,16 +116,9 @@ function loadImageAsync(url) {
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下面是一个用`Promise`对象实现的 Ajax 操作的例子。
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```javascript
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var getJSON = function(url) {
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var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
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var client = new XMLHttpRequest();
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client.open("GET", url);
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client.onreadystatechange = handler;
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client.responseType = "json";
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client.setRequestHeader("Accept", "application/json");
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client.send();
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function handler() {
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const getJSON = function(url) {
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const promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
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const handler = function() {
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if (this.readyState !== 4) {
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return;
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}
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@ -135,6 +128,13 @@ var getJSON = function(url) {
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reject(new Error(this.statusText));
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}
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};
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const client = new XMLHttpRequest();
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client.open("GET", url);
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client.onreadystatechange = handler;
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client.responseType = "json";
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client.setRequestHeader("Accept", "application/json");
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client.send();
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});
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return promise;
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@ -152,11 +152,11 @@ getJSON("/posts.json").then(function(json) {
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如果调用`resolve`函数和`reject`函数时带有参数,那么它们的参数会被传递给回调函数。`reject`函数的参数通常是`Error`对象的实例,表示抛出的错误;`resolve`函数的参数除了正常的值以外,还可能是另一个 Promise 实例,比如像下面这样。
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```javascript
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var p1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
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const p1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
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// ...
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});
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var p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
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const p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
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// ...
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resolve(p1);
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})
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@ -167,11 +167,11 @@ var p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
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注意,这时`p1`的状态就会传递给`p2`,也就是说,`p1`的状态决定了`p2`的状态。如果`p1`的状态是`pending`,那么`p2`的回调函数就会等待`p1`的状态改变;如果`p1`的状态已经是`resolved`或者`rejected`,那么`p2`的回调函数将会立刻执行。
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```javascript
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var p1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
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const p1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
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setTimeout(() => reject(new Error('fail')), 3000)
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})
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var p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
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const p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
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setTimeout(() => resolve(p1), 1000)
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})
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@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ p.then((val) => console.log('fulfilled:', val))
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下面是一个例子。
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```javascript
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var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
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const promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
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throw new Error('test');
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});
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promise.catch(function(error) {
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@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ promise.catch(function(error) {
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```javascript
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// 写法一
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var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
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const promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
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try {
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throw new Error('test');
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} catch(e) {
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@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ promise.catch(function(error) {
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});
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// 写法二
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var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
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const promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
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reject(new Error('test'));
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});
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promise.catch(function(error) {
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@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ promise.catch(function(error) {
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如果Promise状态已经变成`resolved`,再抛出错误是无效的。
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```javascript
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var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
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const promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
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resolve('ok');
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throw new Error('test');
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});
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@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ process.on('unhandledRejection', function (err, p) {
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再看下面的例子。
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```javascript
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var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
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const promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
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resolve('ok');
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setTimeout(function () { throw new Error('test') }, 0)
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});
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@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ promise.then(function (value) { console.log(value) });
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一般总是建议,Promise 对象后面要跟`catch`方法,这样可以处理 Promise 内部发生的错误。`catch`方法返回的还是一个 Promise 对象,因此后面还可以接着调用`then`方法。
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```javascript
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var someAsyncThing = function() {
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const someAsyncThing = function() {
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return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
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// 下面一行会报错,因为x没有声明
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resolve(x + 2);
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@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ Promise.resolve()
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`catch`方法之中,还能再抛出错误。
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```javascript
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var someAsyncThing = function() {
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const someAsyncThing = function() {
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return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
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// 下面一行会报错,因为x没有声明
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resolve(x + 2);
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@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ someAsyncThing().then(function() {
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`Promise.all`方法用于将多个 Promise 实例,包装成一个新的 Promise 实例。
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```javascript
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var p = Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]);
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const p = Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]);
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```
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上面代码中,`Promise.all`方法接受一个数组作为参数,`p1`、`p2`、`p3`都是 Promise 实例,如果不是,就会先调用下面讲到的`Promise.resolve`方法,将参数转为 Promise 实例,再进一步处理。(`Promise.all`方法的参数可以不是数组,但必须具有 Iterator 接口,且返回的每个成员都是 Promise 实例。)
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@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ var p = Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]);
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```javascript
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// 生成一个Promise对象的数组
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var promises = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13].map(function (id) {
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const promises = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13].map(function (id) {
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return getJSON('/post/' + id + ".json");
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});
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@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ Promise.all([p1, p2])
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`Promise.race`方法同样是将多个Promise实例,包装成一个新的Promise实例。
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```javascript
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var p = Promise.race([p1, p2, p3]);
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const p = Promise.race([p1, p2, p3]);
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```
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上面代码中,只要`p1`、`p2`、`p3`之中有一个实例率先改变状态,`p`的状态就跟着改变。那个率先改变的 Promise 实例的返回值,就传递给`p`的回调函数。
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@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ p.catch(error => console.log(error));
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有时需要将现有对象转为Promise对象,`Promise.resolve`方法就起到这个作用。
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```javascript
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var jsPromise = Promise.resolve($.ajax('/whatever.json'));
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const jsPromise = Promise.resolve($.ajax('/whatever.json'));
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```
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上面代码将jQuery生成的`deferred`对象,转为一个新的Promise对象。
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@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ p1.then(function(value) {
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如果参数是一个原始值,或者是一个不具有`then`方法的对象,则`Promise.resolve`方法返回一个新的Promise对象,状态为`resolved`。
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```javascript
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var p = Promise.resolve('Hello');
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const p = Promise.resolve('Hello');
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p.then(function (s){
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console.log(s)
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@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ p.then(function (s){
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所以,如果希望得到一个Promise对象,比较方便的方法就是直接调用`Promise.resolve`方法。
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```javascript
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var p = Promise.resolve();
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const p = Promise.resolve();
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p.then(function () {
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// ...
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@ -717,9 +717,9 @@ console.log('one');
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`Promise.reject(reason)`方法也会返回一个新的 Promise 实例,该实例的状态为`rejected`。
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```javascript
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var p = Promise.reject('出错了');
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const p = Promise.reject('出错了');
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// 等同于
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var p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => reject('出错了'))
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const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => reject('出错了'))
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p.then(null, function (s) {
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console.log(s)
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@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ Promise.prototype.finally = function (callback) {
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```javascript
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const preloadImage = function (path) {
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return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
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var image = new Image();
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const image = new Image();
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image.onload = resolve;
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image.onerror = reject;
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image.src = path;
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@ -833,9 +833,9 @@ function getFoo () {
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});
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}
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var g = function* () {
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const g = function* () {
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try {
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var foo = yield getFoo();
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const foo = yield getFoo();
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console.log(foo);
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} catch (e) {
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console.log(e);
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@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ var g = function* () {
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};
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function run (generator) {
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var it = generator();
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const it = generator();
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function go(result) {
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if (result.done) return result.value;
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